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ADHD Stimulant Medication Stimulant medications are the first treatment of choice for ADHD. They have a history of a strong response, good tolerance, and are safe throughout the lifespan. It's crucial to choose the right dosage and medication that eases your or your child's symptoms without side negative effects. This usually requires many trials and error, as well as regular dialog with your doctor. Stimulants Stimulants are drugs that increase activity in the central nervous system. They are extensively used as performance enhancement and cognitive enhancers by students, athletes as well as artists and workers. They are also used for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD), binge eating disorder and some anxiety disorders. Amphetamines, methylphenidates, and other stimulant medications are the most commonly used. FDA-approved prescription stimulants are available in extended-release and immediate-release formulas. Immediate-release medications are usually taken every four hours as needed. They can trigger an abrupt, short-term drop in energy known as a crash once they wear off. The crash can cause extreme hunger, mood swings, and fatigue. Immediate-release medications also can increase blood pressure and heart rate in some people, especially those who don't eat enough. Extended-release medicines are designed to release their active ingredients over a time of between 8 and 16 hours. This type of medication can be prescribed by your physician in case you're seeking long-lasting symptoms control without taking pills frequently throughout the day. Methylphenidate products in the extended-release category include Ritalin, Concerta, and Focalin. Another option is the long-acting methylphenidate patch called Daytrana, which sticks to the skin like a band-aid and lasts throughout the day. This kind of medication is usually prescribed to adults with ADHD who need daily doses that last longer than the immediate-release options. The use of stimulants does not cure ADHD but it can help manage the symptoms by improving how neurons in the brain communicate. They accomplish this by altering the levels of neurotransmitters that are present in the brain, such as dopamine and norepinephrine, by blocking or binding to their receptors. This allows more neurotransmitters to be released, and assists in ensuring that messages between neurons are more efficiently sent and received. Doctors often prescribe antidepressants addition to stimulants to treat ADHD. Most antidepressants doctors prescribe for ADHD are based on the norepinephrine and dopamine levels in your brain. One class, referred to as selective serotonin receptor inhibitors, is a good choice for people suffering from anxiety or depression, too. These drugs are typically mixed with stimulants to increase their effectiveness. Another reason your doctor might switch between non-stimulant and stimulant medications are if your old medication isn't working or has undesirable side effects. Long-acting Stimulants help about 70%-80% of children and adults with ADHD. They reduce symptoms such as fidgeting, talking over others and losing focus in conversations or tasks. They can also improve job performance and social skills. The stimulant medication starts working when it crosses the blood-brain barrier that can take 45 to 60 minutes. They increase the levels dopamine and Norepinephrine between brain cells, which decreases the intensity of impulses and hyperactivity. FDA-approved stimulant medication uses one of two molecules, methylphenidate (Adderall Ritalin Vyvanse Concerta) or amphetamine, (Ritalin Adderall XR Vyvanse Vyvanse). Stimulants may cause adverse effects like nausea or loss of appetite, as well as increased blood pressure. They can also trigger headaches and anxiety. They can also cause tics to become worse, and they may cause problems sleeping in some people. Long-acting stimulants, like Strattera or Wellbutrin, are effective day and night. Short-acting medicines only last for a short period of time. They can be used to treat other conditions like anxiety or depression. These medicines work by altering the way your body regulates monoamine oxidases. Monoamine oxidases are enzymes which break down dopamine and other neurotransmitters in the brain. If these chemicals aren't broken down, they stay in your body longer and affect your thinking and behavior. Long-acting medicines can cause fewer side effects, and your doctor may prescribe them in smaller doses that you take throughout the day. Certain stimulants are available in extended-release form that you can take once daily. Adults may prefer this option however, you must keep in mind to take your stimulants each day. SSRIs and other medications have been proven to be effective in treating ADHD in many adults. These are usually prescribed for depression or anxiety however they can also be prescribed for ADHD and around 70% of people respond. Bupropion, also called Wellbutrin is an SSRI approved for ADHD. It was shown to be more effective in a controlled study than placebos. These medications can cause serious side effects, like ringing of the ears anxiety, and changes in vision, heart and lung function. Short-acting The stimulant medication helps reduce ADHD symptoms by increasing levels dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. These two chemicals assist people to manage their behavior and stay focused. They are available in many forms, and each has its own brand name, such as Adderall, Vyvanse, Ritalin and Concerta. There are two primary types of stimulant medications, methylphenidates and amphetamines. They have the same effects, however their duration of action varies. The methylphenidates produce less lasting effects; they can last up to three hours, whereas the amphetamines have longer-lasting effects. Some people can tolerate stimulant medication better than others, and your doctor might prescribe them. medications for adhd in adults is crucial to be aware of as much as you can about the medication. This includes any adverse effects, how frequently it is recommended to take it, and any warnings. This will help to collaborate with your doctor to determine the best medication and dose for you. These medications can also trigger some adverse side effects such as insomnia, or a loss of appetite. If these occur you should talk to your doctor about changing the dosage or attempting other medications. Adults with ADHD who aren't responding well to stimulants could be treated with non-stimulant drugs that take longer to start working but increase the capacity of an individual to pay attention and manage impulses. These medications can be prescribed as a stand-alone or in conjunction with stimulants. The first one is atomoxetine (brand names Strattera and Qelbree), which works by increasing norepinephrine and dopamine in the prefrontal cortex, which controls behavior. Another is the guanfacine (brand name Intuniv), which belongs to a class of drugs called alpha agonists. These drugs work by preventing reuptake and increasing the level of brain chemicals in the bloodstream. Guanfacine, originally developed to treat high blood pressure, has now been proven to be effective in treating ADHD. Combinations There are a variety of drug combinations used by people who suffer from ADHD. These include stimulants and depressant drugs such as Guanfacine or Clonidine. These drugs can influence a calming effect on the brain, and can reduce symptoms like sleeplessness and aggressive behaviour. They also aid in preventing withdrawal symptoms from stimulants. This combination could be risky, however, if it is not used correctly. Serotonin Syndrome is a medical emergency which occurs when there is too much serotonin in the body. This combination can also raise the heart rate and blood pressure. The risks of using this drug are higher for those with pre-existing health conditions such as high blood pressure or heart disease. Young adults and teenagers are increasingly consuming stimulant mixtures. These are commonly described as “legal highs” and are readily available in pharmacies. They are also available on the black market. These substances are dangerous, especially when combined with alcohol and other drugs. The use of multiple drugs can be risky. Mixing drugs can have dangerous and unpredictable effects. They include an increase in heart rate, decreased respiration, paranoia and hallucinations. A study concluded that combination therapy was more effective than monopharmacotherapy in treating ADHD. Combining medications improved adherence, and allowed patients to achieve better relief from symptoms than monotherapy. Some patients, however were unable to continue treatment due side effects. In some instances, the medication has been removed due to sleep issues or worsening of tics. This could be a result of a poor diagnosis or lack of access to medications. Nonstimulants can also be used to treat ADHD. These medications help improve attention span and impulse control However, they don't perform as well as stimulants. They are also less likely to inhibit growth and reduce appetite. Some antidepressants are also prescribed for ADHD however they have a lower chance of improving concentration and focus. medications for adhd in adults of studies have proven that atomoxetine and methylphenidate (Concerta) can be combined to produce superior results than either by itself. The combination of these two medications was found to increase adherence and decrease the risk of adverse reactions in a majority of people. The combination was also successful in adolescents and young adults. This combination could be a feasible option for children suffering from severe ADHD.